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QQuanta KidsBy IIT & ISB Alumni
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Concept 1 of 6

Factors: Numbers That Divide Evenly

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Today's big idea

A factor divides its number exactly, leaving no remainder behind at all.

Factors arrive in pairs, so listing them two at a time stops you missing any.

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How it works

👀 What's going on?

Share 20 sweets among friends so that nobody is left short. Only certain group sizes work, and those sizes are the factors of 20.

💡 Here's the trick

Factors of 12 — pairs that multiply121×12= 122×6= 123×4= 12All 6 factors: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12

Look at the pairs above. A factor divides a number exactly, with no remainder left behind. Factors arrive two at a time, because each one has a partner that multiplies back to the number. 1 is a factor of everything, and the number itself is its own biggest factor.

🪄 How to do it

  1. 1.Look at the pairs above and start testing from 1.
  2. 2.When a number divides exactly, write down its partner too.
  3. 3.Stop once the divisor catches up with its partner.

✍️ Try it

List every factor of 40. Then: how many factors does 49 have?

The pairs for 40 are 1 and 40, 2 and 20, 4 and 10, 5 and 8. In order that is 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 10, 20, 40. For 49 the pairs are 1 and 49, then 7 and 7, so it has three factors.

⚠️ Watch out

You might be thinking a bigger number always has more factors. It does not. 49 is bigger than 40, yet 49 has only three factors while 40 has eight.

🌟 Why this matters

Splitting a class into equal teams, or a tray of laddoos into equal rows, only works on a factor. Factors also cut a fraction down to its simplest form.
Exam tip: Test divisors in pairs so the big partner at the top never goes missing.

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Watch me solve one

Quanta solves it

“Watch how I think through one of these — then you try.”

THE PROBLEM

“Find ALL the factors of 36.”

  1. 1

    Start pairing at 1

    1 × 36 ✓ → pair 1 & 36. 🧩

  2. 2

    Try 2, 3, 4

    2 × 18 ✓ → 2 & 18. 3 × 12 ✓ → 3 & 12. 4 × 9 ✓ → 4 & 9.

  3. 3

    Try 5 (no)

    36 ÷ 5 leaves a remainder. 6 × 6 = 36, so 6 is the middle. STOP.

  4. 4

    List all factors ✓

    Factors of 36 = 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18, 36

Now you try one — same steps, different story 👇

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See it in action

⚡ Time to play!

Tap every number that divides 20 with NO remainder.

FACTOR HUNT · ROUND 1 OF 3

20

Found 0 of 6 factors

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Quick check

✅ VERIFICATION

Which number is NOT a factor of 60?

⚡ Finish the activity above first to answer.

Keep going!

Up next: Multiples

Multiples of 4: 4, 8, 12, 16, … (forever).

Concept 2 of 6