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Concept 7 of 7

Integers: Numbers Below Zero

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1

Today's big idea

Negative numbers sit to the left of zero, and further left always means smaller.

A bigger digit after the − sign makes a smaller number, not a larger one.

2

How it works

👀 What's going on?

A thermometer reading below zero, a lift going to a basement, an overdrawn account. Numbers below zero describe ordinary things, and they order themselves in a way that feels backwards at first.

💡 Here's the trick

The integer number line-6-5-4-3-2-10123456NEGATIVESZEROPOSITIVESSmaller ⟵ further LEFT−5 < −1 < 0 < 3Real-life: temperature, lifts, money owed

Look at the line above. Zero sits in the middle, positives run right and negatives run left. The rule is that whatever sits further left is smaller, which means the negative numbers get smaller as their digits get bigger.

🪄 How to do it

  1. 1.Place the numbers on the line above, with negatives to the left of zero.
  2. 2.Read them off from left to right.
  3. 3.That reading order is smallest to largest.

✍️ Try it

Which is greater, −8 or −3? Then put −6, 2, −9 and 0 in ascending order.

−3 sits to the right of −8, so −3 is greater. In order from smallest: −9, −6, 0, 2.

⚠️ Watch out

You might be thinking a bigger digit after the − sign means a bigger number. It means the opposite. −9 sits further left than −6, so it is the smaller of the two, despite 9 being more than 6.

🌟 Why this matters

Temperatures, floors below ground and money owed all live below zero, and getting the order wrong flips the meaning entirely.
Exam tip: Sketch the line and mark zero first; comparisons stop being guesswork once the numbers have positions.

3

Watch me solve one

Quanta solves it

“Watch how I think through one of these — then you try.”

THE PROBLEM

“The temperature was 4°C and dropped by 9°C. What is the new temperature?”

  1. 1

    Start on the integer line

    Begin at +4. 🌡️

  2. 2

    Move left by 9 steps

    Subtracting means stepping LEFT. 4 − 9 crosses zero into the negatives.

  3. 3

    Land at the answer

    4 − 9 = −5

  4. 4

    Answer ✓

    New temperature = −5°C

Now you try one — same steps, different story 👇

4

See it in action

⚡ Time to play!

CHALLENGE 1 OF 4

Drag to −4 on the number line

Drag the marker along the line. Negatives are LEFT of zero.

-10-505100
5

Quick check

✅ VERIFICATION

The temperature was −4 degrees and rose by 7 degrees. What is it now?

⚡ Finish the activity above first to answer.

Keep going!

You've finished this chapter!

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